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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-28-1215-1792155167</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261016125247</timestamp>
  <depositor>
   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
   <email_address>admin@americaspg.com</email_address>
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  <registrant>American Scientific Publishing Group</registrant>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Metaheuristics</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>JAIM</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2833-5597</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2022</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>1</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>New Approach of Estimating Sarcasm based on the percentage of happiness of facial Expression using Fuzzy Inference System</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Louloua M.</given_name>
      <surname>AL-Saedi</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of System Programming, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Methaq Talib</given_name>
      <surname>Gaata</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Computer Science Department, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Mostafa</given_name>
      <surname>Abotaleb</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of System Programming, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Hussein</given_name>
      <surname>Alkattan</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Computer Science Department, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Generally, the process of detecting micro expressions takes significant importance because all these expressions reflect the hidden emotions even when the person tried to conceal them. In this paper, a new approach has been proposed to estimate the percentage of sarcasm based on the detected degree of happiness of facial expression using fuzzy inference system. Five regions in a face (right/left brows, right/left eyes, and mouth) are considered to determine some active distances from the detected outline points of these regions. The membership functions in the proposed fuzzy inference system are used as a first step to determine the degree of happiness expression based mainly on the computed distances and then another membership function is used to estimate the percentage of sarcasm according the outcomes of the membership functions in the first step. The proposed approach is validated using some face images which are collected from the SMIC, SAMM, and CAS(ME)2 standard datasets.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2022</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>35</first_page>
     <last_page>44</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">1215</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
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     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
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    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.54216/JAIM.010104</doi>
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