aspg-21-1465-1791472404 20261008151324 American Scientific Publishing Group admin@americaspg.com American Scientific Publishing Group International Journal of Neutrosophic Science IJNS 2692-6148 2690-6805 2023 20 1 M. A. El-Shorbagy Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia Hossam A. Nabwey Department of Basic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt Mustafa Inc Science Faculty, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey Mostafa M. A. Khater School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China Breast cancer has emerged as a major killer in recent years. With a yearly rate of about one million new cases, it is the most prevalent among women in the world's poorest countries. Grading of cellular images has emerged as a key prognostic factor during the past decade. Neutrosophic sets used to enhance medical images in the last decade. Neutrosophic sets can overcome the uncertainty and indeterminacy of information. In recent years, metaheuristics have integrated with neutrosophic sets. Because of their adaptability, simplicity, and task independence, metaheuristics have been extensively employed to tackle many difficult non-linear optimization problems. The purpose of this research is to investigate several approaches to image classification for breast cancer pictures. This includes the use of metaheuristics and neutrosophic sets for optimization and image enhancement. This research was undertaken to better understand the current state of the art in breast cancer identification from medical pictures and to provide insight into the difficulties that lie ahead. We hope that this will encourage academics to investigate hitherto understudied facets of breast cancer identification. 2023 165 173 1465 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.54216/IJNS.200113 https://www.americaspg.com/journal/21/article/1465 https://www.americaspg.com/storage/41673775114.pdf