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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-21-2359-1791475511</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008160511</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>International Journal of Neutrosophic Science</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>IJNS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2692-6148</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2690-6805</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>23</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>T-Spherical Fuzzy-Valued Neutrosophic Set Theory</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Ashraf</given_name>
      <surname>Al-Quran</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Basic Sciences Department, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Faisal</given_name>
      <surname>Al-Sharqi</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, University Of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Hamiden Abd El- Wahed</given_name>
      <surname>Khalifa</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al- Badaya 51951, Saudi Arabia; Department of Operations and Management Research, Faculty of Graduate Studies for St</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
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      <given_name>Haifa</given_name>
      <surname>Alqahtani</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Statistics and Business Analytics, United Arab Emirates University, UAE</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Ali M. A. Bany</given_name>
      <surname>Awad</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Deanship of Development and Quality Assurance, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>From fuzzy to neutrosophy, multiple hybrid models have been innovated, with each introduced model surpassing its predecessor. Due to the inherent indeterminacy in the world, a more precise form of imprecision is required. As a result, more sophisticated variants of the neutrosophic set have been created. Examples of these amalgamations include fuzzy neutrosophic sets, intuitionistic fuzzy neutrosophic sets, Pythagorean fuzzy neutrosophic sets, neutrosophic vague sets, and neutrosophic rough sets. The main objective of this paper is to present another variant of the neutrosophic set called T-spherical fuzzy-valued neutrosophic set (T-SFVNS). Serving as a generalization of the aforementioned combinations, T-SFVNS allows for the representation of indeterminacy and inconsistency in a more nuanced manner. In this paper, we define the T-SFVNS and Tspherical fuzzy-valued neutrosophic numbers (T-SFVNNs). Additionally, we propose several types of score and accuracy functions to compare the T-SFVNNs. We also present the basic operations of T-SFVNSs and the algebraic operations of T-SFVNNs, supported by proofs and illustrative examples..</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>104</first_page>
     <last_page>115</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">2359</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
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     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
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     <doi>10.54216/IJNS.230209</doi>
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