aspg-18-2689-1791423667 20261008014107 American Scientific Publishing Group admin@americaspg.com American Scientific Publishing Group Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things JISIoT 2769-786X 2690-6791 2024 12 2 M. K. Hussein Dept. Electronics, Telecommunication & Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania Ion Marghescu Dept. Electronics, Telecommunication & Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania Nayef A. M. Alduais Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Johor, Malaysia Presently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as a vibrant field of research due to various challenging aspects such as energy consumption, routing strategies, effectiveness, among others. Despite unresolved issues within WSNs, a substantial array of applications has already been developed. For any application design, a primary objective is to optimize the WSN in terms of its lifecycle and functionality. Recent studies on data reduction methods have shown that sensor nodes often transmit data directly (single hop) to the base station (BS). However, a significant concern is that most existing multi-hop routing protocols do not address data reduction before forwarding data to the BS. Consequently, this study introduces a Hybrid Data Reduction and Routing Algorithm (HDRA). The principal aim of HDRA is to prolong the lifespan of cluster-based WSNs. It strives to decrease the packet transmission by sensor nodes, especially when there's minimal change in sensor readings. The findings indicate that HDRA outperforms the LEACH protocol in terms of energy efficiency in sensor networks, irrespective of network type (T, H, or TH) or deployment scenarios (200x200m or 400x400m). Overall, the proposed algorithm enhances network performance by conserving energy and extending network lifespan. 2024 99 121 2689 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.54216/JISIoT.120208 https://www.americaspg.com/journal/18/article/2689 https://www.americaspg.com/storage/31722102866.pdf