Multi-Level Fusion for Enhanced Host-based Malware Detection in ICT-Enabled Smart Cities
Alaa Q. Raheema1, Massila Kamalrudin2, Nur Rachman Dzakiyullah*2,3
1 Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
3 Faculty of Computer and Engineering, Department of Information System, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Emails: 40345@uotechnology.edu.iq; massila@utem.edu.my; nurrachmandzakiyullah@almaata.ac.id
Abstract
In smart cities, the widespread adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) presents both opportunities and challenges for security. While ICTs enable increased productivity, data sharing, and improved citizen services, they also create new vulnerabilities for malicious actors to exploit. This necessitates robust host-based security solutions to protect critical infrastructure and data. This paper proposes a novel multi-level fusion approach for enhanced host-based malware detection in ICT-enabled smart cities. By leveraging diverse data sources and employing advanced fusion techniques, our approach achieves significant improvements in malware detection accuracy, network evaluation, and security analysis compared to existing methods. Specifically, our proposed approach demonstrates a 72.1% malware detection rate across various attack scenarios, 69.7% accuracy in host network evaluation, 82.8% reduction in security analysis error, 75.4% accuracy in network probability detection, and an overall accuracy of 67.2%. These results showcase the potential of multi-level fusion for strengthening host-based security in smart cities. This approach offers several advantages over traditional host-based security solutions. Firstly, it provides more comprehensive threat detection by utilizing multiple data sources. Secondly, it reduces the burden on IT administrators by automating security analysis and decision-making. Finally, it enables continuous improvement through adaptive learning and feedback mechanisms. Overall, our multi-level fusion approach represents a promising advancement in host-based security for ICT-enabled smart cities. It offers significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency, paving the way for a more secure and resilient urban environment.
Keywords: Smart City; Host Security; Malware Protection; Technological Development; Information and Communication Technology.