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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-21-2980-1791472117</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008150837</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>International Journal of Neutrosophic Science</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>IJNS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2692-6148</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2690-6805</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>25</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
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   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Soil Organic Transformations in Urban Agricultural Systems: Application of a Neutrosophic Multicriteria Approach for Comprehensive Evaluation</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Paolo Chasi</given_name>
      <surname>Vizuete</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Technical University of Cotopaxi, Ecuador</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of urban agriculture in ensuring food security and promoting sustainability in urban areas, using a neutrosophic multi-criteria approach to evaluate the impact of biostimulants and organic additives on soil quality, plant growth, and crop yields. The research demonstrates that biofertilizers such as Chromococcus and Azotobacter significantly improve nutrient availability and plant health, resulting in robust and high-quality harvests, while mineral additives like zeolites enhance soil fertility and moisture retention. Three scenarios were analyzed using neutrosophic logic to handle the inherent uncertainty in urban agricultural systems: the first scenario shows exceptional plant growth and yield with high sustainability (valued as &quot;Very Very High&quot; according to neutrosophic logic), the second scenario highlights challenges in vegetative growth and sustainability (valued as &quot;Low&quot;), and the third scenario combines good plant growth with high sustainability and significant contributions to climate change mitigation (valued as &quot;Medium High&quot;). In summary, integrating organic amendments and biofertilizers in urban agriculture, evaluated through neutrosophic methods, is essential for creating resilient and productive agricultural systems, benefiting soil health, biodiversity, resource conservation, and local economies.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>338</first_page>
     <last_page>346</last_page>
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     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">2980</item_number>
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     <doi>10.54216/IJNS.250130</doi>
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