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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-3-3665-1791419428</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008003028</timestamp>
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   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Fusion: Practice and Applications</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>FPA</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2770-0070</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2692-4048</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>19</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Improved Deep Learning model for Ancient Cuneiform Symbols Classification</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Raed</given_name>
      <surname>Majeed</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Collage of Computer Science and Information Techonology,University of Sumer, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Hiyam</given_name>
      <surname>Hatem</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Collage of Computer Science and Information Techonology,University of Sumer, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Wael</given_name>
      <surname>Abd-Alaziz</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Collage of Computer Science and Information Techonology,University of Sumer, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Cuneiform script, among the earliest writing systems, poses a distinct challenge for classification because of its complex symbols and varied linguistic contexts. This study investigates the use of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures for the classification of cuneiform symbols. The preprocessing includes resizing the cuneiform images to a uniform dimension and categorizing them into training, validation, and testing sets. A modified CNN model has been introduced. The CNN model demonstrates a lower parameter count in comparison to other deep learning models, which frequently necessitate significant storage capacity. The results from the CLI dataset indicate that the proposed CNN model reached an impressive accuracy of 99.55%, This study enhances computational approaches for the analysis of ancient scripts and underscores the significance of utilizing deep learning techniques within the fields of historical linguistics and digital humanities.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>109</first_page>
     <last_page>117</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3665</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
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     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
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     <doi>10.54216/FPA.190209</doi>
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