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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-21-3709-1791465335</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008131535</timestamp>
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   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
   <email_address>admin@americaspg.com</email_address>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>International Journal of Neutrosophic Science</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>IJNS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2692-6148</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2690-6805</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>26</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Parameter Estimation in Multiple Linear Regression: A Neutrosophic Perspective with the Simple Averaging Method (SAM)</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Kesavulu</given_name>
      <surname>Poola</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Associate professor, Center for Management Studies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>V.</given_name>
      <surname>Pavankumari</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Assistant professor, G. Narayanamma Institute of technology and science, Hyderabad, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>J. Anil</given_name>
      <surname>Kumar</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Associate professor, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (Autonomous), Tirupati, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Akkyam</given_name>
      <surname>Vani</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Research Scholar, Department of Statistics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Asif Alisha</given_name>
      <surname>S.</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Associate Professor, Department of mathematics, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mohan Babu University (Erstwhile Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College), Tirupati, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>A.</given_name>
      <surname>Srinivasulu</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Guest faculty, Department of Statistics, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore. India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Regression modeling is a significant statistical tool aimed at quantifying and understanding the nature of relations between the predictor and response variables. The routine parameter estimation procedures, like OLS and ML, are based heavily on the assumption of normality in data, which will not be the case for most real-world data scenarios. The paper presents a Neutrosophic approach for the estimation of parameters in multiple linear regression models, making use of the Neutrosophic principles to treat uncertainties, indeterminacies, and inconsistencies in actual data, a proposed method is called the Simple Averaging Method, or SAM. This is a robust alternative to traditional methods and provides reliable results even if the assumptions of normality are not held. SAM performance is tested using real-time crime data in the USA and demonstrates its capabilities to deal with complex datasets. The comparative analysis between the OLS model and the same model is done via RMSE and MAD metrics. The results show that SAM significantly outperforms OLS with an RMSE of 34.37598 in contrast to 58.05248 for OLS. Graphical analysis further confirms SAM's performance over and above OLS. Critical issues of regression modeling with incorporation of neutrosophic logic cover their critical challenges, especially when standard assumptions are violated.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>215</first_page>
     <last_page>228</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3709</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
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     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
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    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.54216/IJNS.260216</doi>
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