<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="5.3.1" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1 http://www.crossref.org/schema/deposit/crossref5.3.1.xsd">
 <head>
  <doi_batch_id>aspg-34-3986-1791482223</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008175703</timestamp>
  <depositor>
   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
   <email_address>admin@americaspg.com</email_address>
  </depositor>
  <registrant>American Scientific Publishing Group</registrant>
 </head>
 <body>
  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Prospects for Applied Mathematics and Data Analysis</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>PAMDA</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2836-4449</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>5</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>A Brief Study on Fuzzy Off-Group Theory</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Takaaki</given_name>
      <surname>Fujita</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Independent Researcher, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Arif Mehmood</given_name>
      <surname>Khattak</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Arkan A.</given_name>
      <surname>Ghaib</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Uncertainty-handling frameworks such as fuzzy sets, rough sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, Picture Fuzzy Sets, hyperneutrosophic sets, and plithogenic sets have attracted sustained research interest. These frameworks have been widely applied across various mathematical disciplines, including graph theory, topology, algebra, and group theory. More recently, the concept of the offset has emerged as a powerful and promising generalization of conventional uncertainty models. In this paper, we introduce a novel algebraic structure called the Fuzzy Off-Group and conduct an in-depth study of its fundamental mathematical properties. We hope that this framework will further advance research in group theory and uncertainty modeling with offsets, and that it will open up new avenues for application.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>01</first_page>
     <last_page>07</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3986</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
    <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
    </ai:program>
    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.54216/PAMDA.050101</doi>
     <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journal/34/article/3986</resource>
     <collection property="text-mining">
      <item>
       <resource mime_type="application/pdf">https://www.americaspg.com/storage/articles/manuscripts/01KZQ4PWQWAR2Z94EDZMAFJMS4.pdf</resource>
      </item>
     </collection>
    </doi_data>
   </journal_article>
  </journal>
 </body>
</doi_batch>
