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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-34-3987-1791482222</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008175702</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Prospects for Applied Mathematics and Data Analysis</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>PAMDA</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2836-4449</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>5</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>On the Properties and Illustrative Examples of Soft SuperHypergraphs and Rough SuperHypergraphs</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Takaaki</given_name>
      <surname>Fujita</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Independent Researcher, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Atiqe Ur</given_name>
      <surname>Rahman</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Arkan A.</given_name>
      <surname>Ghaib</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Talal Ali</given_name>
      <surname>Al-Hawary</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Arif Mehmood</given_name>
      <surname>Khattak</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>In graph theory, a hypergraph generalizes a classical graph by allowing each hyperedge to join any number of vertices, thereby modeling relationships beyond simple pairwise connections.[1] A superhypergraph takes this further by applying recursive powerset constructions to its hyperedge set, creating hierarchical and self-referential network layers.[2] A soft graph defines a family of subgraphs parameterized over a fixed universe of vertices and edges, while a rough graph uses lower and upper approximations to capture uncertainty in graph structure. In this paper, we revisit Soft SuperHypergraphs and Rough SuperHypergraphs—originally introduced in [3]—which integrate the flexibility of soft and rough graph frameworks with the layered com- plexity of superhypergraphs. We provide precise definitions, illustrative examples, and a detailed analysis of their fundamental properties, demonstrating their potential for modeling hierarchical and uncertain network systems.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>08</first_page>
     <last_page>19</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3987</item_number>
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     <doi>10.54216/PAMDA.050102</doi>
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