<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="5.3.1" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1 http://www.crossref.org/schema/deposit/crossref5.3.1.xsd">
 <head>
  <doi_batch_id>aspg-21-4085-1791468650</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008141050</timestamp>
  <depositor>
   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
   <email_address>admin@americaspg.com</email_address>
  </depositor>
  <registrant>American Scientific Publishing Group</registrant>
 </head>
 <body>
  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>International Journal of Neutrosophic Science</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>IJNS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2692-6148</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2690-6805</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2026</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>27</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>A Predictive Analytics for Customer Lifetime Value Estimation in Digital Banking using Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Set with Fine Tuning Approach</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Alisher</given_name>
      <surname>Sherov</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Economics, Mamun University, Khiva, 220900, Uzbekistan; Department of Finance and Tourism, Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, 190111, Uzbekistan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Ziyodulla</given_name>
      <surname>Khakimov</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Management and Marketing, Alfraganus University, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Yurii</given_name>
      <surname>Vorobev</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Economics and Finance, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125167, Russian Federation</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Emil</given_name>
      <surname>Hajiyev</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Business Management, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, AZ1001, Republic of Azerbaijan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Tatyana</given_name>
      <surname>Khorolskaya</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Money Circulation and Credit, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, 350044, Russian Federation</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>16.00</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Normal</jats:p>
     <jats:p>false</jats:p>
     <jats:p>false</jats:p>
     <jats:p>false</jats:p>
     <jats:p>TR</jats:p>
     <jats:p>X-NONE</jats:p>
     <jats:p>AR-SA</jats:p>
     <jats:p>DefSemiHidden=&quot;false&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>LatentStyleCount=&quot;371&quot;&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 7&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 8&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index 9&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Normal Indent&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;footnote text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;annotation text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;header&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;footer&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;index heading&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;table of figures&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;envelope address&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;envelope return&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;footnote reference&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;annotation reference&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;line number&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;page number&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;endnote reference&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;endnote text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;table of authorities&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;macro&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;toa heading&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Bullet&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Number&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Bullet 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Bullet 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Bullet 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Bullet 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Number 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Number 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text Indent&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Continue&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>/* Style Definitions */</jats:p>
     <jats:p>table.MsoNormalTable</jats:p>
     <jats:p>{mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-style-noshow:yes;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-style-priority:99;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-para-margin-top:0in;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-para-margin-right:0in;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-para-margin-left:0in;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>line-height:107%;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-pagination:widow-orphan;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>font-size:11.0pt;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;</jats:p>
     <jats:p>mso-ansi-language:TR;}</jats:p>
     <jats:p>As a generality of fuzzy sets (FS) and intuitionistic FS (IFS), neutrosophic sets (NS) was progressed by F. Smarandache for signifying incomplete, inaccurate, and uneven data present in the real world. Neutrosophic Logic (NL) is a neonate research field in which every proposition was projected to have the proportion of truth in a sub-set T, I, and F. Neutrosophic sets (NS) have been well employed for indeterminate information handling, and determine benefits to tackle indeterminate data. A NS is categorized by indeterminacy-, truth-, and a falsity- membership functions. Atanassov as a major simplification of FS presented the notion of IFS. IFS are very beneficial in conditions when problem description by linguistic variables, assumed with only a membership function, appears to be difficult. In recent times, IFS have been employed to numerous areas like medical diagnosis, logic programming, decision-making issues, etc. An interval NS (INS) is an example of NS, which is employed in real engineering and scientific applications. Owing to the competition in the banking industry and the importance, access to customer information is vital to establish a successful relationship that benefits both parties. Representing longer-term customer relationships and building brand equity are essential in modern banking, and therefore increasing relationship quality plays a significant part in the development of new services and customer lifetime value (CLV) approximation. CLV is an estimated profit that can be achieved by the organization from a customer for some time. Presently, the development of Machine Learning (ML) methods has resulted in better precision and effectiveness. Therefore, by utilizing ML methods of real-time customer data, predictions of a more precise future value of the customer are gained by businesses, which helps in establishing a more personal marketing approach. In this manuscript, we propose a Customer Lifetime Value Estimation using Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Set and Parameter Optimization Algorithms (CLVE-IVNSPOA). The foremost main of this paper is to progress a predictive analytics model for estimating customer lifetime value in digital banking utilizing advanced optimization methods. Initially, the data pre-processing phase was employed by using the Z-score method. Moreover, the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is mainly executed by the feature subset selection in order to select the most optimal features from a dataset. For CLV prediction, the Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Set (IVNS) technique is exploited. At last, the model parameter adjustment process is performed through improved shark optimization (ISHO) algorithm for improving the prediction performance. The experimental evaluation of the CLVE-IVNSPOA occurs using benchmark database. The experimental outcomes indicated out an improved performance of CLVE-IVNSPOA compared to existing systems.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2026</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>193</first_page>
     <last_page>205</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">4085</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
    <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
    </ai:program>
    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.54216/IJNS.270118</doi>
     <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journal/21/article/4085</resource>
     <collection property="text-mining">
      <item>
       <resource mime_type="application/pdf">https://www.americaspg.com/storage/51757526961.pdf</resource>
      </item>
     </collection>
    </doi_data>
   </journal_article>
  </journal>
 </body>
</doi_batch>
