Age and Language Learning a Comparative Study of Young and Adult Learners with Data Fusion Perspectives

Shahab Ahmad Al Maaytah^1,*

¹Associate professor, Department of Languages and Humanities, Applied College, King Faisal University, Alhafof, The Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Email: Salmaaytah@kfu.edu.sa

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of age on second language acquisition by comparing language learning outcomes between young learners (aged 8–12) and adult learners (aged 25–40). Drawing on both cognitive and sociolinguistic perspectives, and leveraging data fusion techniques that integrate test results, classroom observations, and learner interviews, the research examines differences in pronunciation, grammar acquisition, vocabulary retention, and communicative competence. The fusion of multiple data modalities ensures a more holistic view of learner performance. Findings indicate that young learners exhibit greater native-like pronunciation and long-term retention, while adult learners outperform in grammatical accuracy and metalinguistic awareness. Motivational factors and learning environments also played significant roles. The study concludes that while age affects specific aspects of language learning, no age group holds a universal advantage. Data fusion-based insights highlight the need for age-sensitive instructional strategies that cater to the cognitive and emotional needs of learners at different stages.

Keywords: Adults; Age influence; Cognitive skills; Communication; Data Fusion; Fluency; Grammar; Learning motivation; Pronunciation; Retention; Vocabulary