aspg-18-4102-1792481254 20261020072734 American Scientific Publishing Group admin@americaspg.com American Scientific Publishing Group Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things JISIoT 2769-786X 2690-6791 2025 17 2 Aya A. Ramadan Department of Communications and Electronics Engineering, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt Marwa M. Eid Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 35712, Egypt; Jadara University Research Center, Jadara University, Jordan El-Sayed S. A. Said Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Egypt Shereen H. Ali Department of Communications and Electronics Engineering, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt Mohamed Yasin I. 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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of thousands of sensor nodes that are distributed in an area where their energy is limited. To overcome the issue of energy consumption. This paper study different deployment configuration as well as evaluating the two different clustering-based routing protocols. This work describes a hybrid distance, energy, and zonal SEP (HDEZ-SEP), which combines the strengths of the Distance and Energy-Aware Stable Election Routing Protocol (DE-SEP) and Zone-Based Stable Election Protocol (Z-SEP) to improve WSN energy efficiency and longevity. The suggested HDEZ-SEP was executed and compared to other protocols, including DE-SEP and Z-SEP. Using the MATLAB R2022b simulator; we assess the suggested protocol and contrast it with the others. According to the simulation results, the overall performance is improved. This study shows how hybrid techniques can effectively optimize data transmission and energy use in WSNs. 2025 133 151 4102 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.54216/JISIoT.170210 https://www.americaspg.com/journal/18/article/4102 https://www.americaspg.com/storage/41758151983.pdf