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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-2-4252-1791417018</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261007235018</timestamp>
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    <full_title>Journal of Cybersecurity and Information Management</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>JCIM</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2769-7851</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2690-6775</issn>
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    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2026</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>17</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
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   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Enhanced Detection of Zero-Day and Ransomware Attacks</title>
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     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Mohammed Ibrahim</given_name>
      <surname>Kareem</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Cybersecurity, College of Information Technology, University of Babylon, Hillah, 51002, Babylon, Iraq</institution_name>
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     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Aladdin</given_name>
      <surname>Abdulhassan</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>College of Information Technology, University of Babylon, Hillah, 51002, Babylon, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Abdullah Yousif</given_name>
      <surname>Lafta</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq</institution_name>
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     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Hussein Ibrahim</given_name>
      <surname>Hussein</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Al-Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, AlSafwa University College, Karbala, Iraq</institution_name>
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      </affiliations>
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      <given_name>Ali Z. K.</given_name>
      <surname>Matloob</surname>
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        <institution_name>Department of Cybersecurity, College of Information Technology, University of Babylon, Hillah, 51002, Babylon, Iraq</institution_name>
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     <jats:p>The increasing sophistication of ransomware and zero-day attacks demands advanced intrusion detection systems. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning model that combines Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, augmented with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for feature selection. Evaluated on the UGRansome dataset, our hybrid TCN-LSTM-PCA model achieves superior performance compared to standalone LSTM, TCN-PCA, and LSTM-PCA baselines, attaining 98.82% accuracy (a 4.09 percentage-point improvement over LSTM-PCA) and 0.99 F1-score across all attack classes while maintaining computational efficiency at 13 seconds per epoch. The architecture’s effectiveness stems from its synergistic design: TCN layers capture local temporal patterns in network traffic, while LSTM modules model long-range attack sequences. PCA preprocessing reduces feature dimensionality by 83%, retaining seven critical indicators including Netflow Bytes and Protocol flags that collectively explain 92% of variance. Experimental results demonstrate exceptional robustness, with only 0.18% misclassification between attack categories and consistent performance across ransomware variants. This study sets a new state of the art in real-time threat detection, delivering an efficient hybrid architecture that satisfies practical deployment constraints while achieving 98.82% accuracy and 0.99 precision, thereby striking a strong accuracy–efficiency balance.</jats:p>
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     <year>2026</year>
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     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">4252</item_number>
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     <doi>10.54216/JCIM.170217</doi>
     <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journal/2/article/4252</resource>
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