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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-24-4494-1791482501</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008180141</timestamp>
  <depositor>
   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
   <email_address>admin@americaspg.com</email_address>
  </depositor>
  <registrant>American Scientific Publishing Group</registrant>
 </head>
 <body>
  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Journal of Neutrosophic and Fuzzy Systems</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>JNFS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2771-6430</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2771-6449</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>10</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Entropy–Remoteness Neutrosophic Fuzzy c-Means for Separating Boundary Ambiguity from Outlierness</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Suman</given_name>
      <surname>Das</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Assistant Professor Grade II (Mathematics), Department of Education, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode–673601, Kerala, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Ajoy Kanti</given_name>
      <surname>Das</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Tripura University, Agartala–799022, Tripura, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>A weak fuzzy assignment can mean two geometrically different things. A record may lie between otherwise legitimate clusters, so its membership vector ui = (ui1, . . . ,uiK) is genuinely ambiguous; or it may be remote from every prototype, in which case diffuse membership is a symptom of outlierness rather than a boundary. Treating both cases through one fuzziness scalar makes the prototype update unable to explain why a record should have reduced influence. This paper constructs Entropy–Remoteness Neutrosophic Fuzzy c-Means (ERN-FCM) from two separate quantities. Boundary indeterminacy is Ii = α[−Σk uik loguik]/logK, whereas robust remoteness is Fi = 1−exp(−τρi) with ρi = [(δi−q.90)/(q.90−q.50+ε)]+ and δi = mink ∥xi−vk∥2. Their conjunction gives truth Ti = (1−Ii)(1−Fi) and therefore Ti +Ii +Fi = 1+IiFi. Prototypes are updated by v+k = Σi Tium ikxi/Σi Tium ik, so remote or highly ambiguous records contribute less without being hard-deleted. The numerical study deliberately separates the two geometries. On Wine with 10% gross contamination, mean adjusted Rand index rises from 0.8665 for ordinary FCM to 0.8975 for ERN-FCM; on Breast Cancer the corresponding values are 0.7014 and 0.7074, whereas Iris remains a counterexample where FCM is slightly better (0.6328 versus 0.6179). The remoteness-aware uncertainty 1−Ti identifies gross outliers with AUC 0.9898–0.9956 at 10% contamination, and on a separate boundary benchmark Ii identifies bridge observations with AUC 0.9963. Paired bootstrap contrasts, component ablation, parameter sensitivity, and fixed-point diagnostics support a focused conclusion: ERN-FCM is most useful when cluster recovery and the type of uncertain observation must be distinguished, not as a universal replacement for FCM.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>10</first_page>
     <last_page>15</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">4494</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
    <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
    </ai:program>
    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.54216/JNFS.100202</doi>
     <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journal/24/article/4494</resource>
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       <resource mime_type="application/pdf">https://www.americaspg.com/storage/articles/manuscripts/01M0H1Y6792TJ9EX1D8GTD77K7.pdf</resource>
      </item>
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    </doi_data>
   </journal_article>
  </journal>
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