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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-24-4519-1791482132</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261008175532</timestamp>
  <depositor>
   <depositor_name>American Scientific Publishing Group</depositor_name>
   <email_address>admin@americaspg.com</email_address>
  </depositor>
  <registrant>American Scientific Publishing Group</registrant>
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 <body>
  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Journal of Neutrosophic and Fuzzy Systems</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>JNFS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2771-6430</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2771-6449</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>9</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Contradiction-Aware Neutrosophic–Fuzzy Sensor Fusion for Reliable Irrigation Scheduling under Missing and Conflicting Evidence</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Riad K.</given_name>
      <surname>Al-Hamido</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics, College of Science, AlFurat University, Deir-ez-Zor, Syria</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Smart irrigation decisions are often computed from multiple sensor and model channels whose evidence may be gradual, missing, or mutually contradictory. A conventional fuzzy controller compresses these conditions into a scalar membership µ ∈ [0, 1], whereas a single-valued neutrosophic representation can retain support, indeterminacy, and opposition as (T, I, F ). This paper proposes a contradiction-aware neutrosophic–fuzzy irrigation system (CNFIS) in which three evidence channels for criterion j are summarized by an availability ratio qj , a robust fuzzy center m j , and a contradiction index cj . The resulting state is(Tj , Ij , Fj) = 􀀀 qj emj , 1 − qj + qjcj , qj(1 − emj), which satisfies Tj + Ij + Fj = 1 + qjcj and therefore separates missingness from contradiction without interpreting the triple as a probability vector. A neutral-prior shrinkage rule sj = (1 − αIj)rj + αIj/2 is then fused through b d = P j wjsj to estimate normalized irrigation demand, while U = P j wjIj supplies an explicit re-sensing or abstention signal. The method is evaluated in a fully reproducible Monte Carlo benchmark containing 30 independent runs of N = 5000 cases under five evidence regimes; no field measurements are claimed. At moderate missingness/corruption (pm, pc) = (0.10, 0.10), CNFIS obtains RMSE 0.03318 ± 0.00086 compared with 0.04192 ± 0.00079 for mean fuzzy fusion, a reduction of 20.84%. The reductions remain 12.63% and 10.57% under severe and extreme regimes, respectively, while the ordinary fuzzy mean retains a small advantage in clean evidence. At 80% selective coverage, the uncertainty score decreases CNFIS RMSE from 0.03320 to 0.02825 in the moderate regime. These results support the proposed representation as a mathematically transparent robustness layer for irrigation systems in which evidence quality, not only fuzzy demand, must be modeled explicitly.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>15</first_page>
     <last_page>25</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">4519</item_number>
    </publisher_item>
    <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
    </ai:program>
    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.54216/JNFS.090202</doi>
     <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journal/24/article/4519</resource>
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