Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things
JISIoT
2690-6791
2769-786X
10.54216/JISIoT
https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/4011
2019
2019
A New Descriptor for Improving Lightweight Blockchain Environment Using a Hybrid GWO-Levy-GRU Framework for Nonce Discovery
Informatics Institute for Postgraduate studies, Information Technology & Communication University, Baghdad, Iraq
Rasha
Rasha
Computer Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Hala Bahjat Abdul
Wahab
Blockchain technology has recently emerged as a fundamental pillar of decentralized and secure systems. However, many Proof-of-Work (POW) algorithms suffer from some challenges, including their inefficiency in discovering the value of Nonces due to their reliance on random attempts, which consume significant resources, energy, and time, making them difficult to use in lightweight blockchain environments, especially in resource-limited environments such as mobile devices and others. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a smart system that replaces random guessing with a more intelligent and predictive approach using deep learning models like CNN2D, GRU, LSTM, and hybrid models. The intelligent optimization algorithm (GWO) is also used, which has been enhanced with random Lévy jumps, in addition to improved clustering using a genetic algorithm. The results, after applying the system to health data across three difficulty levels (4, 6, and 8), showed that the intelligent neural model was the most stable and accurate, achieving the lowest error values and the highest generalization ability, with a maximum error value of (0.0136) at the highest difficulty level (8). The hybrid GA–KMeans algorithm demonstrated high efficiency in improving clustering accuracy. It achieved the highest similarity index value (0.9980) and the lowest Davis-Bolden index value (0.0000), which plays a significant role in guiding searches efficiently and effectively. The CNN2D model also achieved ideal numerical results, but it is prone to overlearning, while the GRU neural model provided an efficient balance between stability and accuracy. Other hybrid models, such as GRU+CNN, have shown excellent performance, but with varying results. The proposed system proves to be an efficient and intelligent alternative to the low-cost random approach for Nonce discovery in lightweight blockchain environments.
2026
2026
20
35
10.54216/JISIoT.180202
https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/18/show/4011