  <?xml version="1.0"?>
<journal>
 <journal_metadata>
  <full_title>Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things</full_title>
  <abbrev_title>JISIoT</abbrev_title>
  <issn media_type="print">2690-6791</issn>
  <issn media_type="electronic">2769-786X</issn>
  <doi_data>
   <doi>10.54216/JISIoT</doi>
   <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/3878</resource>
  </doi_data>
 </journal_metadata>
 <journal_issue>
  <publication_date media_type="print">
   <year>2019</year>
  </publication_date>
  <publication_date media_type="online">
   <year>2019</year>
  </publication_date>
 </journal_issue>
 <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
  <titles>
   <title>Countermeasure to Black Hole Attack in MANET Wireless Network Security</title>
  </titles>
  <contributors>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Department of Cybersecurity Techniques, Technical Institute-Kut, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq</organization>
   <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Bahaa</given_name>
    <surname>Bahaa</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Imam Alkadhim University College, Baghdad, Iraq</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Hayder</given_name>
    <surname>Najm</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Business Informatics College, University of Information Technology and Communications. Baghdad, Iraq</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Mohammed Salih</given_name>
    <surname>Mahdi</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Wasit University, Al-Kut, 52001, Wasit, Iraq</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Riyadh Rahef Nuiaa</given_name>
    <surname>Alogaili</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Al-Farhadi University, Jadriyah Bridge, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Waleed</given_name>
    <surname>Khaled</surname>
   </person_name>
  </contributors>
  <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
   <jats:p>Establishing basic network connectivity by mobile devices depends on wireless communication during infrastructure downtime. Nodes within these networks use routing protocols to send data packets between one another until the packets reach their endpoint. The protocols have security weaknesses that permit harmful nodes to stage assaults on the network. Network disruption occurs through the Black Hole Attack, which blocks all data packets from getting to their destinations by intercepting them during their transmission. Security systems that detect intruders executing these attacks protect against the security challenge. A simulated wireless ad-hoc network scenario is the basis for assessing how well response systems fight against the Black Hole attack. In this paper, the Anti-Black Hole Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (ABAODV) is the proposed solution to combat the Black Hole attack effects. During the experiments, ABAODV's modified AODV version and standard AODV protocol underwent performance measurements through throughput, Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), Average End-to-End Delay (AED), and Normalized Routing Load (NRL) while operating in Black Hole attack environments and without such attacks. Through its NS-2 implementation, ABAODV achieved 99% effectiveness in combating the Black Hole attack. The entire simulation was conducted on a Linux platform, including mobility generation, analysis, results presentation, and NS-2 simulation.</jats:p>
  </jats:abstract>
  <publication_date media_type="print">
   <year>2025</year>
  </publication_date>
  <publication_date media_type="online">
   <year>2025</year>
  </publication_date>
  <pages>
   <first_page>23</first_page>
   <last_page>35</last_page>
  </pages>
  <doi_data>
   <doi>10.54216/JISIoT.170203</doi>
   <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/18/show/3878</resource>
  </doi_data>
 </journal_article>
</journal>
