  <?xml version="1.0"?>
<journal>
 <journal_metadata>
  <full_title>International Journal of Neutrosophic Science</full_title>
  <abbrev_title>IJNS</abbrev_title>
  <issn media_type="print">2690-6805</issn>
  <issn media_type="electronic">2692-6148</issn>
  <doi_data>
   <doi>10.54216/IJNS</doi>
   <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/3968</resource>
  </doi_data>
 </journal_metadata>
 <journal_issue>
  <publication_date media_type="print">
   <year>2020</year>
  </publication_date>
  <publication_date media_type="online">
   <year>2020</year>
  </publication_date>
 </journal_issue>
 <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
  <titles>
   <title>A Neutrosophic Decision-Support Framework for Adaptive Learning Pathways in Digital Education Platforms</title>
  </titles>
  <contributors>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">College of Administrative &amp; Financial Sciences, Gulf University, Bahrain</organization>
   <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Sonia</given_name>
    <surname>Sonia</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, India</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Priyanka</given_name>
    <surname>Sharma</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, India</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Aastha</given_name>
    <surname>Budhiraja</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, India</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Anshu</given_name>
    <surname>Sharma</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbekistan</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Tojiyev</given_name>
    <surname>Rakhmatilla</surname>
   </person_name>
   <organization sequence="first" contributor_role="author">School of Computer Science Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India</organization>
   <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
    <given_name>Sonia</given_name>
    <surname>Setia</surname>
   </person_name>
  </contributors>
  <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
   <jats:p>&#13;
Personalized learning pathways in digital education platforms have become essential for addressing the unique needs and behaviors of individual learners. However, traditional adaptive systems often fail to account for the uncertainty, ambiguity, and inconsistency inherent in educational data. This paper proposes a novel neutrosophic decision-support framework that models learner profiles using truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F) scores derived from student interaction and performance data. Utilizing the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset (OULAD), we compute neutrosophic learner vectors based on assessment outcomes, engagement patterns, and virtual learning environment (VLE) activity. A rule-based decision engine then recommends adaptive learning pathways—ranging from remedial to advanced—by interpreting the TIF distributions through a neutrosophic logic framework. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model enhances pathway assignment accuracy and provides better support for learners with incomplete or uncertain data compared to traditional fuzzy and crisp models. The neutrosophic approach also ensures interpretability and flexibility, making it well-suited for real-world educational platforms aiming to achieve adaptive learning at scale.</jats:p>
  </jats:abstract>
  <publication_date media_type="print">
   <year>2026</year>
  </publication_date>
  <publication_date media_type="online">
   <year>2026</year>
  </publication_date>
  <pages>
   <first_page>147</first_page>
   <last_page>165</last_page>
  </pages>
  <doi_data>
   <doi>10.54216/IJNS.270114</doi>
   <resource>https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/21/show/3968</resource>
  </doi_data>
 </journal_article>
</journal>
