From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution

Rozina

doi:https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

Full Length Article

Volume 5 • Issue 2 • PP: 13–21 • 2025

From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution

Rozina Ali ^1*

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¹Cairo University, Egypt

* Corresponding Author.

DOI https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

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Received: March 07, 2025 Accepted: July 10, 2025

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Abstract

Real-time Internet of Things intrusion attribution is often formulated as direct multi-class classification, although packet traces contain incomplete, conflicting, and imbalanced evidence. This paper develops a mathematical neutrosophic signature calculus in which each flow is represented by truth, indeterminacy, and falsity memberships over class-specific attack signatures. The proposed model constructs entropy-contrast behavioral channels, maps each flow to class prototypes through a contradiction-aware single-valued neutrosophic transformation, and derives a closed-form attribution rule by coupling prototype truth, opposite-region falsity pressure, and explicit indeterminacy penalization. The study uses RT-IoT2022, a public UCI benchmark donated in 2024 with 123,117 flows, 83 features, and 12 normal/attack labels. The results show that the proposed calculus provides interpretable class attribution and stable macro-level behavior under severe class imbalance. The work supports neutrosophic signature modeling as a transparent route for IoT security decision support under inconsistent network evidence.

Keywords

Single-valued neutrosophic set Intrusion attribution IoT security Contradiction score Uncertainty-aware classification Information fusion

References

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Ali, Rozina. "From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution." Neutrosophic and Information Fusion, vol. Volume 5, no. Issue 2, 2025, pp. 13–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

Ali, R. (2025). From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution. Neutrosophic and Information Fusion, Volume 5(Issue 2), 13–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

Ali, Rozina. "From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution." Neutrosophic and Information Fusion Volume 5, no. Issue 2 (2025): 13–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

Ali, R. (2025) 'From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution', Neutrosophic and Information Fusion, Volume 5(Issue 2), pp. 13–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

Ali R. From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution. Neutrosophic and Information Fusion. 2025;Volume 5(Issue 2):13–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

R. Ali, "From Packet Traces to Contradiction Scores: A Neutrosophic Signature Calculus for Real-Time IoT Intrusion Attribution," Neutrosophic and Information Fusion, vol. Volume 5, no. Issue 2, pp. 13–21, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/NIF.050202

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