Journal of International Economics Research
Journal DOI
PendingISSN (Online)
This research explores the factors behind ICT service exports in the Organization of Turkic States, comprising Azerbaijan, Türkiye, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Hungary, over the period 2000–2023. Using annual panel data published by the World Bank, we explore the effects of research and development (R&D), mobile cellular subscriptions, foreign direct investment (FDI), education, and individuals using the Internet on ICT service exports (as a percentage of total service exports). The paper employs panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimations to account for heteroskedasticity and contemporaneous correlation across countries. The findings show that R&D spending, FDI, education spending, and Internet usage all have a statistically significant and positive association on ICT service exports while mobile cellular subscriptions had a small negative total effect. Further testing indicated the absence of evidence of omitted variable bias, with the findings considered robust. The contributions of this analysis point to the importance of continuous digital investment, and educational spending, as well as policies to stimulate targeted innovation, with a view to improve the digital trade scorecard of Turkic States. The policy recommendations stress the need for coordinated regional strategies to publicize digital infrastructure investments, elevate the innovation capacity within the region, and attract high-quality foreign direct investment, with a view to enhancing ICT service export growth.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010101
Vol. 1 Issue. 1 PP. 01-09, (2025)
Arid and semi-arid regions are facing faster land degradation and growing water stress. Planners need indicators that connect conservation goals to everyday decisions. In Uzbekistan’s Zomin region, few long-term, spatial studies combine vegetation condition with water-conservation capacity. We develop a transparent Spatial–Ecological Sustainability Index (SESI) to describe ecological quality and water support and to guide restoration and protection. The method merges several remote sensing and GIS layers: multi-decade NDVI from Landsat and Sentinel, terrain measures such as slope and flow accumulation, and land-cover permeability. We normalize these layers and combine them with a tested weighting method, producing SESI maps and summaries for districts and protected areas. The results show clear patterns by elevation and land use: upper catchments have strong water-retention potential, while valley bottoms near settlements show mixed conditions. The approach is reproducible, decision-ready, and adaptable to other mountainous, water-limited regions.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010102
Vol. 1 Issue. 1 PP. 10-25, (2025)
In addition to institutional pressures and regulatory expectations, behavioral determinants of policy awareness are significant drivers from the selection stage of participation that are critical for resource allocation and sustainability alignment. The objective of this paper is to integrate green accounting criteria in strategic resource allocation with all relevant organizational dimensions and all environmental performance considerations. We aimed to identify the determinant structure of sustainable investment behavior where there were consistently higher numbers of firms on key indicators such as urban participation, education levels, and policy awareness. We focused on the outcome equation (return on investment–ROI) and the selection equation (participation status–selected), using firm-level characteristics, and used a two-step Heckman model to estimate selection effects and how these coefficients varied across decision conditions. Using an AHP–integrated design, we derived the priority weights by comparing the relative importance when environmental, financial, and sustainability criteria interacted, as a new combined analytic approach for understanding resource allocation, investment preferences, and the ranking structure (expansion-focused alternatives or EMS implementation). It is found that policy awareness and education years, among other predictors, were important in determining participation such as urban inclusion, likelihood of selection, and variation in ROI outcomes. From a multi-criteria perspective, findings from our AHP analyses suggest that expansion of sustainable production and innovation in green-oriented firms is related to both environmental impact performance and financial cost-effectiveness, the strongest priorities among evaluated alternatives. Differences in the selection behavior and the outcome equation with education levels and policy-related motivations further need to research of a ‘dual-pathway’ interpretation of resource decisions in environmentally regulated, strategy-dependent settings. This combined framework offers broader implications on allocation quality and evidence-driven prioritization of green investments, opening up insights about the interplay and constraining effects the integration of statistical modeling and multi-criteria evaluation of sustainable decision systems.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010103
Vol. 1 Issue. 1 PP. 26-35, (2025)
Given the increased instability of the marketplace with recurring crises and an escalating level of uncertainty has become increasingly visible within the dynamics of emerging economies. In recent years, a continuous rise in the vulnerability of firms with longer periods of economic disruption, the number of people affected by market shocks continues to grow. This study aimed to examine the patterns and determinants of firms living with prolonged volatility, how resilience can be achieved will be openly provided together with the aim of making a foundation of practical insights for decision makers all over the world even by practitioners or analysts with limited resources and technical capacity. The design and analytical process of this mixed-method inquiry, enabling comparison and survival evaluation, where the interpretation is directly dependent on others for verification and how adaptive responses and sentiment dynamics were integrated. The research team used a sequential approach, with data collected through structured surveys, sentiment-based assessments with market-facing members, and a time-to-event dataset was assembled. Sentiment data were analyzed using TF-IDF weighting and polarity scoring, all of whom contributed independently, and validated key trends. Firms operating in high-volatility environments who adopted adaptive marketing strategy saw themselves working closely with customer-oriented initiatives and challenges related to the timing of promotional actions and message consistency were frequently noted at the operational level. The survival models also indicated that such conditions, as shifts in engagement and sentiment, crises, challenges related to resource scarcity, to maintain the stability of expectations of their clients and clarity in strategic decision making. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the structural factors affecting survival, to design and implement support for those firms who enter into the turbulent market and resilience have been identified as the critical mechanism during the disruption.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010104
Vol. 1 Issue. 1 PP. 36-46, (2025)