Volume 16 • Issue 2 • PP: 257-270 • 2025
Effective Signal Transmission from Underwater to Air Utilizing Hybrid Communication Systems
View PDF Abstract
Underwater optical communication (UOC) and off-surface areas wireless communications are a rapidly growing field, especially with the emergence of new technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles and above/water drones. The challenge lies in the absence of a water surface platform to transfer the signal from underwater to off surface. This research investigates the design and implementation of a hybrid communication system that successfully transmits signals from underwater environments to above-water. The study utilizes OFDM as method to generate data on the integration of underwater optical wireless communication (UWOC) at 532nm and LOS optical channel. After adjusting the line of sight through the angle of refraction and overcoming the challenges of water and above water conditions as well as ambient lighting, ambitious results were obtained 100 meters above clear water and 40 meters in haze wither at a depth of 10 meters for transmission. The research has mitigated challenges and enhancing the effectiveness of underwater-to-air communication systems.
Keywords
References
[1] M. A. Khalid, M. A. A. El-Henawy, and A. A. M. A. El-Sayed, "Recent Advances in OFDM Technology: A Review," J. Commun. Netw, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-12, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1109/JCN.2020.000001.
[2] J. Smith and R. Johnson, "Challenges in Underwater Optical Communication," J. Opt. Commun., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45-56, Mar. 2021.
[3] M. Brown and L. Green, "Light Propagation in Underwater Environments: Effects of Temperature and Salinity," Mar. Technol. Soc. J., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 22-30, Apr. 2020.
[4] A. Kumar, R. Singh, and P. Gupta, "532 nm LED-Based Underwater Optical Communication: Challenges and Solutions," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 2990-3001, May 2020.
[5] R. Patel, T. K. Nguyen, and M. Yamamoto, "Machine Learning for Enhancing Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Systems," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 7896-7912, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3256789.
[6] H. Liu, Y. Zhao, and J. Li, "Adaptive Modulation and Beamforming for Optical Wireless Communication," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1123-1127, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1109/LPT.2022.3185671.
[7] C. Wang, L. Zhang, and X. Chen, "High-Performance Underwater Optical Wireless Communication: A Comprehensive Survey," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 189-211, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3274568.
[8] S. Alnajjar and B. S. Kalid Alfaris, "Enhancement of Light Fidelity System According to Multi-Users Utilizing OCDMA Technology under Weather Conditions," Al-Iraqia J. Sci. Eng. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 9-15, 2022.
[9] S. Alnajjar and A. Hameed, "Light Fidelity Performance via Hybrid Free Space Optic/Fiber Optic Communication Under Atmospheric Disturbance," Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 355-365, 2022, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp355-365.
[10] H. S. Khallaf, S. Hashima, M. Rihan, E. M. Mohamed, and H. M. Kasem, "Quantifying Impact of Pointing Errors on Secrecy Performance of UAV-Based Relay-Assisted FSO Links," IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 11, pp. 2979-2989, 2024.
[11] T. Huang, M. Xie, and Y. Sun, "Channel Estimation in Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Using Deep Learning," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 567-579, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2023.3247896.
[12] J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Communication Systems Engineering, 2nd ed. Pearson Education, 2008.
[13] B. Li, C. Shen, and W. Zhang, "Underwater Optical Communication with Hybrid VLC and FSO Links," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 189-200, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2023.3256789.
Cite This Article
Choose your preferred format