The Defense System of the Ancient City “Nur” and the Project of Graphic Restoration of the Fortress

Freshta; Urokov Olimjon

doi:https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010205

Fusion: Practice and Applications | 2025

Adoption of Cloud-Based Smart Grids: Insights from Oman's Electricity Sector

Cloud computing technology offers key advantages for smart grid applications, especially for electric companies with industry expertise. However, implementing cloud-based solutions for smart grids requires careful consideration of several critical factors. This research aims to identify the primary factors influencing electricity companies' the adoption of cloud-based solutions in smart grids in Oman. An in-depth interview was conducted with field experts to develop a comprehensive model that will potentially be a key reference source for guiding the adoption and implementation of cloud-based smart grids in Oman and beyond. This research is espoused by the technology organization environment (TOE) framework and the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. The model identifies ten key factors that impact the adoption of smart grid cloud-based (SGCB) solutions in utilities in Oman. By understanding the significance of these factors, utility companies can make well-informed decisions about implementing cloud-based solutions for smart grids. This research serves as a valuable resource, guiding the adoption of this technology in the electricity sector. It also contributes to smart grid advancement and optimization within utility companies.

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Abdallah M. Abualkishik mail -

Khaled Abuhmaidan mail -

Salem Salameh mail -

Esraa Abualkeshek mail -

Marwan Alshar'e mail -

Kelvin Joseph Bwalya mail -

Ahmad Kayed mail -

Ala AH Odeibat mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.200214

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 20 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

Transforming Economic Decisions: Strategic Resource Allocation Powered by Green Accounting Insights

In addition to institutional pressures and regulatory expectations, behavioral determinants of policy awareness are significant drivers from the selection stage of participation that are critical for resource allocation and sustainability alignment. The objective of this paper is to integrate green accounting criteria in strategic resource allocation with all relevant organizational dimensions and all environmental performance considerations. We aimed to identify the determinant structure of sustainable investment behavior where there were consistently higher numbers of firms on key indicators such as urban participation, education levels, and policy awareness. We focused on the outcome equation (return on investment–ROI) and the selection equation (participation status–selected), using firm-level characteristics, and used a two-step Heckman model to estimate selection effects and how these coefficients varied across decision conditions. Using an AHP–integrated design, we derived the priority weights by comparing the relative importance when environmental, financial, and sustainability criteria interacted, as a new combined analytic approach for understanding resource allocation, investment preferences, and the ranking structure (expansion-focused alternatives or EMS implementation). It is found that policy awareness and education years, among other predictors, were important in determining participation such as urban inclusion, likelihood of selection, and variation in ROI outcomes. From a multi-criteria perspective, findings from our AHP analyses suggest that expansion of sustainable production and innovation in green-oriented firms is related to both environmental impact performance and financial cost-effectiveness, the strongest priorities among evaluated alternatives. Differences in the selection behavior and the outcome equation with education levels and policy-related motivations further need to research of a ‘dual-pathway’ interpretation of resource decisions in environmentally regulated, strategy-dependent settings. This combined framework offers broader implications on allocation quality and evidence-driven prioritization of green investments, opening up insights about the interplay and constraining effects the integration of statistical modeling and multi-criteria evaluation of sustainable decision systems.

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Eshbayev Oybek Alik ogli mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010103

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 1

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

Survive and Thrive: How Adaptive Marketing Strategies Drive Business Resilience in Turbulent Emerging Markets

Given the increased instability of the marketplace with recurring crises and an escalating level of uncertainty has become increasingly visible within the dynamics of emerging economies. In recent years, a continuous rise in the vulnerability of firms with longer periods of economic disruption, the number of people affected by market shocks continues to grow. This study aimed to examine the patterns and determinants of firms living with prolonged volatility, how resilience can be achieved will be openly provided together with the aim of making a foundation of practical insights for decision makers all over the world even by practitioners or analysts with limited resources and technical capacity. The design and analytical process of this mixed-method inquiry, enabling comparison and survival evaluation, where the interpretation is directly dependent on others for verification and how adaptive responses and sentiment dynamics were integrated. The research team used a sequential approach, with data collected through structured surveys, sentiment-based assessments with market-facing members, and a time-to-event dataset was assembled. Sentiment data were analyzed using TF-IDF weighting and polarity scoring, all of whom contributed independently, and validated key trends. Firms operating in high-volatility environments who adopted adaptive marketing strategy saw themselves working closely with customer-oriented initiatives and challenges related to the timing of promotional actions and message consistency were frequently noted at the operational level. The survival models also indicated that such conditions, as shifts in engagement and sentiment, crises, challenges related to resource scarcity, to maintain the stability of expectations of their clients and clarity in strategic decision making. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the structural factors affecting survival, to design and implement support for those firms who enter into the turbulent market and resilience have been identified as the critical mechanism during the disruption.

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Eshbayev Oybek Alik ogli mail -

Gulsara Ostonakulova mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010104

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 1

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Pure Mathematics for Theoretical Computer Science | 2025

Employing OSCAR Variable Selection Method in Linear Regression with an Application

This study investigates the effectiveness of variable selection techniques in linear regression models under grouped structures and correlation among predictors. Specifically, it evaluates and compares the performance of three prominent methods: LASSO, Elastic Net, and OSCAR. The simulation study spans multiple scenarios, including varying correlation levels and sample sizes, and utilizes key metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR), and Grouping Accuracy. The results reveal the superior performance of OSCAR, particularly in grouped settings, where it consistently achieves lower error rates and better variable selection accuracy. A real data application using the prostate cancer dataset further supports the empirical advantages of OSCAR over its counterparts, especially in scenarios involving correlated and grouped predictors. The findings provide strong evidence in favor of OSCAR as a reliable tool for robust regression modeling.

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Anwer Fawzi Ali mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/PMTCS.050201

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 5 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

The Role of Emerging Digital Platforms in Scaling Innovative Entrepreneurship Post-Pandemic

Digital platforms, innovation ecosystems and entrepreneurial networks all have a central role in improving post-pandemic recovery, as emerging digital infrastructure makes significant use of data-driven analytics as well as platform-mediated coordination to accelerate entrepreneurial adaptation. Digital entrepreneurship, like many technology-enabled activities in the diffusion of information, is crucial since it can help to raise societal well-being and lower the barriers of market entry. This study provides a systematic investigation into how digital transformation changes two structural aspects of entrepreneurship – venture scalability and platform participation. The analysis applies the survival model to estimate the impact of platform adoption, the metrics used and differences at the sectoral level, and the conditions under which scaling is carried out. Using a combination of parametric survival and regression models, we analyze longitudinal data on platform-enabled strategy and entrepreneurial growth. Using data from early-stage ventures from 2018 to 2024, the study applies the parametric framework to quantify the impact of platform integration related to the post-pandemic transition from traditional models. The findings of this analysis provide important insights to policymakers about the mechanisms inducing rapid entrepreneurial scaling. The results confirm that digital platforms constitute an important mediating determinant shaping the trajectory of each emerging venture. Entrepreneurs can use this evidence base to enhance their scaling capabilities and pursue more successful market expansion, while strategies conducted by support institutions reduce both uncertainty and coordination costs. Furthermore, platform-based initiatives conducted by innovation agencies improve venture resilience and opportunities for each participating entrepreneur.

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Azamov Sardor mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010105

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

Econometric Analysis of Assessing the Impact of Bank Activity Transformation on Operational Efficiency in the Context of Digital Technologies

This study examines the impact of digital transformation on the operational efficiency and financial performance of commercial banks in Uzbekistan, focusing on key indicators such as the Cost-to-Income Ratio (CIR) and Return on Assets (ROA). Utilizing regression analysis based on 63 observations, the results reveal that digital transformation significantly enhances bank performance. A 1% increase in IT investment share reduces CIR by 0.53% in the subsequent year, while mobile banking adoption (coefficient 1.224) and IT-related revenue (coefficient 0.22) substantially improve ROA. Expanding ATM networks also lowers CIR by 0.191 per unit, highlighting the role of automation. However, state-controlled banks exhibit lower efficiency, with a 4% reduction in ROA and higher CIR due to social obligations. Inflation and bank card growth showed statistically insignificant effects on CIR, underscoring the stable, long-term benefits of digital technologies. The findings emphasize the critical role of IT investments, mobile banking, and digital retail channels in reducing operational costs and boosting profitability, offering actionable insights for enhancing the competitiveness of Uzbekistan’s banking sector.

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Sardor Kholdorov mail -

Iskandar Yuldoshev mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010201

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

Evaluating the Factors Affecting the Innovativeness of Small Businesses: the Case of Uzbekistan

Small businesses are considered the backbone of economic growth in all countries. They are not only a source of economic growth but also innovation in all industries. The article examines the factors influencing the innovativeness of small businesses using Uzbekistan as a case study. The experience of small business owners, as well as the knowledge and skills of employees, are important factors influencing innovative activity. Based on the results, recommendations for enhancing innovative activity in small businesses are proposed.

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Gulnora Boboyeva mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

Integrating Volatility Shocks Into Financial Management Methodologies: Evidence From US Equity

This study examines the relationship between implied market volatility and US equity market excess returns over the period August 2020 to December 2024. Using monthly data from the Fama–French Data Library and the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), the analysis distinguishes between the effects of absolute VIX levels and monthly changes in VIX (ΔVIX). Results indicate that while high volatility levels show a weak, statistically insignificant relationship with returns, volatility shocks (ΔVIX) exert a strong and significant negative effect, with a one-point increase in ΔVIX linked to a 0.81 percentage point drop in monthly excess returns. The findings support integrating ΔVIX into investment appraisal, risk management, and tactical asset allocation frameworks to improve resilience during periods of market stress.

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Ismailov Dilshod Anvarjonovich mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

Dependence of Uzbekistan's Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserves Growth on the Price Factor: Analysis and Forecast

  This article tried to determine how much of the sharp increase in Uzbekistan's gold and foreign currency reserves in 2019-2025 is related to the increase in gold prices, and how much to the actual changes in reserves. For this purpose, methods of economic analysis and statistical approaches were used. The study was based solely on open data published by the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Gold Council. In order to assess this relationship, a logarithmic regression model was developed 〖ln(RES〗_t)=-1.403++ 0.666 〖ln(〗⁡〖〖GOLD〗_t)〗 We calculated the elasticity of Uzbekistan’s value of reserves respect to gold prices and found that a 1% increase in the gold price typically leads to a 0.66% rise in the total official reserves. In other words, the reserves are moderately sensitive (or “semi-elastic”) to gold price movements. In simpler terms, of the impressive reserve growth seen from 2019 to 2025, roughly two-thirds (66%) came simply from higher gold prices while the remaining one-third (34%) was driven by actual increases in the physical amount of gold and foreign currency held, as well as by currency policy decisions. According to forecast scenarios for 2026-2027, reserves will increase to $64 billion if the gold price rises to $4,600, and will decrease to $51.8 billion if the price falls to $3,200. Based on these results, it is recommended for Uzbekistan to transition from a price-driven policy to a reserve management system based on asset volume, maintain the gold share around 50-55%, and implement a "Reserve Sensitivity Dashboard" system.  

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Shokhrukh Fazliddinov mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010204

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of International Economics Research | 2025

The Defense System of the Ancient City “Nur” and the Project of Graphic Restoration of the Fortress

The architecture of the ancient cities of Uzbekistan with an average size remains unexplored. However, their historical planning structure, religious monuments, dwellings and defensive structures also had local features and traditions. This study is devoted to identifying the uniqueness of the defensive systems of the ancient city of Nurat. Defensive walls and towers, being the infrastructure of the city, had a direct relationship with the historical structure of the city, with its streets, squares, residential quarters, and also provides information about the historical, economic and social life of the population. By summing up various considerations and the features of the place above, we can say that the first protective structures of the ancient city of light appeared on the eve of the V-IV centuries BC. The defense system of the city of Nur, on the other hand, was extremely powerful, consisting of three parts: the defense wall of the fortress of Nur, the defense walls of Shahristan, the defense walls of Rabot - Pirosta.

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Freshta qauomy mail -

Urokov Olimjon Khayitboevich mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.010205

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new