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Micro-Expression Recognition using 3D - CNN

Micro-expression comes under nonverbal communication, and for a matter of fact, it appears for minute fractions of a second. One cannot control micro-expression as it tells about our actual state emotionally, even if we try to hide or conceal our genuine emotions. As we know that micro-expressions are very rapid due to which it becomes challenging for any human being to detect it with bare eyes. This subtle-expression is spontaneous, and involuntary gives the emotional response. It happens when a person wants to conceal the specific emotion, but the brain is reacting appropriately to what that person is feeling then. Due to which the person displays their true feelings very briefly and later tries to make a false emotional response. Human emotions tend to last about 0.5 - 4.0 seconds, whereas micro-expression can last less than 1/2 of a second. On comparing micro-expression with regular facial expressions, it is found that for micro-expression, it is complicated to hide responses of a particular situation. Micro-expressions cannot be controlled because of the short time interval, but with a high-speed camera, we can capture one's expressions and replay them at a slow speed. Over the last ten years, researchers from all over the globe are researching automatic micro-expression recognition in the fields of computer science, security, psychology, and many more. The objective of this paper is to provide insight regarding micro-expression analysis using 3D CNN. A lot of datasets of micro-expression have been released in the last decade, we have performed this experiment on SMIC micro-expression dataset and compared the results after applying two different activation functions.

groups
Vishal Dubey mail -
Bhavya Takkar mail -
P. Singh Lamba mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.010101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Recent Advances in Sensing Technologies for Smart Cities

Generally, in smart cities, a group of sensing devices, cameras, data centers will exist that enables the civilian administrators to offer needed services in a rapid and efficient way. The effective usage of advanced technologies assists to the creation of intelligent transportation, smart healthcare, smart buildings, and so on. In case of smart building, holds the nature of gathering rainwater for future system, smart control, the probable enhancements allowed by the sensing technologies is high. The ubiquitous sensing offers various limitations which are technical or social in nature. In this chapter, an explanation of the different concepts involved to the topic of sensing in smart cities is provided. This chapter comprises a brief history, sensing platform, sensing technologies, challenges and its applications in a broader view. At the end of this chapter, it will enable the readers to clearly understand the concept of advanced sensing technologies in smart cities.

groups
K. Shankar mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.010101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Neutrosophic ℵ–Ideals (ℵ-Subalgebras) of Subtraction Algebra

The connection between neutrosophy and algebra has been of great interest with respect to many researchers. The objective of this paper is to provide a connection between neutrosophic ℵ−structures and subtraction algebras. In this regard, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic ℵ−ideals in subtraction algebra. Moreover, we study its properties and find a necessary and sufficient condition for a neutrosophic ℵ−structure to be a neutrosophic ℵ−ideal.

groups
Madeleine Al- Tahan mail -
Bijan Davvaz mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.030105

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

An Approach to Solve the Linear Programming Problem Using Single Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number

While making a decision, the neutrosophic set theory includes the uncertainty part beside certainty part (i.e., Yes or No). In the present uncertain socio-economic fashion, this pattern is highly acceptable and hence, the limitations of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set are overcome with neutrosophic set theory. The present study provides a modified structure of linear programming problem (LP-problem) and its solution approach in neutrosophic sense. A special type of neutrosophic set defined over the set of real number, viz., single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic number (SVTN-number) is adopted here as the coefficients of the objective function, right-hand side coefficients and decision variables itself of an LP-problem. In order to solve such problem, a parameter based ranking function of SVTN-number is newly constructed from the geometrical configuration of the trapezium. It plays a key role in the development of the solution algorithm. An LP-problem is normally solved under the asset of some given constraints. Besides that, there may be some hidden parameters (e.g., awareness level of nearer society for the smooth run of a clinical pharmacy, ruined structure of road to be met a profit from a bus, etc) of an LP-problem and these affect the solution badly when experts ignore them. This study makes an attempt to solve an LP-problem by giving importance to all these to attain a fair outcome. The efficiency of the proposed concept is illustrated in a real field. A real example is stated and is solved numerically under the present view.

groups
Tuhin Bera mail -
Nirmal Kumar Mahapatra mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.030202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Utilization of Jaccard Index Measures on Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making under Neutrosophic Environment

In this paper, we introduce the concept of Jaccard  index measures under the neutrosophic environment to make the right decision in multiple attributes. Here, we insinuate two Jaccard  index measures based on distance and the included weighted Jaccard  of two vectors between the neutrosophic environment. Then, we determine the Multiple Attribute group decision-making method (in short MAGDM) based on the Jaccard  index measures under  the neutrosophic environment and also we compare the applications of the proposed MAGDM method in the neutrosophic environment. Finally, certain descriptive examples are on hand to verify the residential handle and to express its practicality and effectiveness.

groups
N. Gayathri mail -
Dr. M. Helen mail -
P. Mounika mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.030203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

New Technology in Agriculture Using Neutrosophic Soft Matrices with the Help of Score Function

Uncertainty is a big problem in our routine life. Many theories were developed to handle uncertain environments. This paper approaches the concept of neutrosophic soft matrices (NSM) and multiple types of NSM to achieve solutions to a possible problem and provide ideas to tackle other problems relating to uncertainties. Here, NSM has been utilized to demonstrate the performance of different farmers, and further score function has been implemented to solve a possible application of decision making in agriculture. It explains the selection of the best farmer by scientific experts through an algorithm in this paper. The selection based upon the better production of crop and nature, fertilizer, pesticides, etc. are used as attributes, which will contribute to the performance of each farmer. Finally, combining the attributes, which will help us achieve a conclusion to determine the best farmer.

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Muhammad Naveed Jafar*, Muhammad Saqlain, Ahmad Raza Shafiq, Muhammad Khalid, Hamza Akbar, Aamir Naveed mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.030204

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Type 2 Fuzzy Logic based Unequal Clustering algorithm for multi-hop wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an integral part of IoT and Maximizing the network lifetime is a challenging task. Clustering is the most popular energy efficient technique which leads to increased lifetime stability and reduced energy consumption. Though clustering offers several advantages, it eventually raises the burden of CHs located in proximity to the Base Station (BS) in multi-hop data transmission which makes the CHs near BS die earlier than other CHs. This issue is termed as hot spot problem and unequal clustering protocols were introduced to handle it. Presently, some of the clustering protocols are developed using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic (T2FL) but none of them addresses hot spot problem. This paper presents a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic based Unequal Clustering Algorithm (T2FLUCA) for the elimination of hot spot problem and also for lifetime maximization of WSN. The proposed algorithm uses residual energy, distance to BS and node degree as input to T2FL to determine the probability of becoming CHs (PCH) and cluster size. For experimentation, T2FLUCA is tested on three different scenarios and the obtained results are compared with LEACH, TEEN, DEEC and EAUCF in terms of network lifetime, throughput and average energy consumption. The experimental results ensure that T2FLUCA outperforms state of art methods in a significant way.

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A. Sariga mail -
J. Uthayakumar mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.010102

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

On single valued neutrosophic sets and neutrosophic א-structures: Applications on algebraic structures (hyperstructures)

In this paper, we find a relationship between SVNS and neutrosophic N-structures and study it. Moreover, we apply our results to algebraic structures (hyperstructures) and prove that the results on  neutrosophic N-substructure (subhyperstructure) of a given algebraic structure (hyperstructure) can be deduced from single valued neutrosophic algebraic structure (hyperstructure) and vice versa.

groups
Madeleine Al-Tahan mail -
Bijan Davvaz mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.030205

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

On neutrosophic nano αg# ψ-closed sets in neutrosophic nano topological spaces

The object of the present paper is to introduce neutrosophic nano αg# ψ-closed sets in neutrosophic nano topological spaces and characterize some of its basic properties in neutrosophic nano topological spaces.

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T. Nandhini mail -
M.Vigneshwaran mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.050201

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 5 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new