International Journal of Neutrosophic Science

The article considers a new generalization of closed sets in neutrosophic topological space. This generalization is called Neutrosophic gsg-closed set. Moreover, we discuss its essential features in neutrosophic topological spaces. Furthermore, we extend the research by displaying new related definitions such as neutrosophic gsg-closure and neutrosophic gsg-interior and debating their powerful characterizations and relationships.

Sentiment analysis (SA) is mainly employed to investigate the polarity of the sentiment existent in a content. It assist in understanding the opinions or feelings expressed by people. It find useful in several application areas such as e-commerce, education, etc. Natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning tools can be employed for SA. In this view, this study develops a Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets with Optimal Support Vector Machine (SVNS-OSVM) model for SA. The major intention of the SVNS-OSVM model is to identify the existence of sentiments exist in the data. The SVNS-OSVM model initially performs data pre-processing to transform the input data into a useful format. In addition, SVNS model is applied to derive word embeddings. Then, SVM model is applied for the detection and classification of sentiments. At the last level, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is used to fine tune the parameters involved in the SVM model. For ensuring the improved outcomes of the SVNS-OSVM model, a wide range of simulations were performed and the results are inspected under several aspects. The comparative study highlighted the betterment of the SVNS-OSVM model compared to recent approaches.

The current COVID-19 pandemic represents a danger for which efforts have been joined to find an effective treatment. This pandemic has evolved so quickly that new data emerge daily on the number of sick and fatal cases. As of September 2021, more than 180 countries with positive COVID-19 cases have been notified to the World Health Organization, including 228,807,631 confirmed cases, including 4,697,099 deaths. So far, the Americas region is the most affected with a total of 88,207,746 confirmed cases, and during this period, Ecuador has reported 246 new infections on average each day, for a total of 507,003 infections and 32,661 deaths. To date, dissimilar methods and treatments have been used to mitigate its effects. However, no effective treatment option has been found against it, generating uncertainty, social panic, and impacts on the population's mental health as a result of the fear of infection and death. That is why the present work focuses on analyzing and determining the alternatives for the control of detection of the pandemic, through the processing of the neutrosophic TOPSIS method. It offers many benefits in the analysis of neutralities to the study of indeterminacies in the field of Medicine. The processing using neutrosophic methods allowed obtaining the best alternative to fight against COVID-19.

The need to guarantee a healthy diet and lifestyle in the country's educational centers has become an urgent need if the future of Ecuadorian society is to be improved. In this framework, educational institutions can play a fundamental role in understanding that optimal nutrition is essential for the health, well-being, and cognitive and social development of the younger population and the economic growth of communities and the well-being of future generations. This study proposes a breakdown of various strategies to promote healthy nutritional habits in educational centers throughout the country and evaluates the proposed alternatives to assign an order of priorities based on certain criteria. For this, the TOPSIS method is used in its neutrosophic version so that the vagueness and indeterminacies of the real world can be handled. The results obtained show that, of the five proposed alternatives, it is preferred to implement, firstly, the creation of a school environment for the promotion of healthy diets through the creation of orchards as a pedagogical tool, and secondly, in order of preference, conducting awareness programs on the importance of producing and consuming chemical-free products through educational fairs, communication campaigns, and other school activities.

This study is based on conducting surveys and multicriteria decision methods to determine the main factors influencing youth violence in Ecuador. To do this, a sample made up of young perpetrators of various types of crimes and other agents involved in the process in the city of Guayaquil is analyzed. The analysis carried out is based on the use of the DEMATEL method in its neutrosophic version so that the indeterminacies of the real world can be handled. The result obtained reveals that the factors with the highest incidence in youth violence in the analyzed sample are substance abuse or delinquency by parents, poor surveillance and supervision of children by parents, poor disciplinary practices, and emotional deficiencies of the parents, as well as exposure to domestic violence. It is recommended that prevention actions to minimize the proliferation of youth violence focus on these aspects for greater optimization of the results.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the presence of students in the classroom, especially in medical schools where the practice is essential to gain skills. Virtual teaching or e-learning has emerged as the answer to that problem in this environment. Despite its many advantages, this process has faced different problems that have been overcome thanks to success factors. Considering the need to search for quality in medical schools in Ecuador, a study was carried out on those applied factors that have contributed to guaranteeing the quality of the teaching-learning process. That is the main objective of this research, supported by the bibliographic search and Plithogeny. It can be concluded that the highest level of impact has been made possible by the combination of the correct use of Information and Communication Technologies with adequate teacher training.

According to experts, the blockchain is very suitable for supply chains, as it streamlines processes and reduces their complexity. Both the pharmaceutical and health sectors can take advantage of their potential since, having different intermediaries, processes can become inefficient on many occasions. Blockchain contributes to bringing order and automation. The pharmaceutical sector has been one of the ones that have obtained the most advantages from this technology. Getting a drug out of the box is a long and expensive process that can take a long time between studies and clinical trials and all the regulations. However, if it is possible to gather all the information needed to complete the process of bringing a new drug to light so that it is available immediately and with all the safety guarantees and improve its management, speed up the process. Therefore, blockchain is the most appropriate technology, although the ability to government bodies to recognize the network's benefits is hampered. This study is focused on determining the level of integration of Blockchain technology in the health sector, and the level of acceptance and contradiction in the adoption of the new technology in the community through the application of the neutrosophic Iadov method.

An urgent need to make a rational decision has emerged in the world of rapid changes based on quantitative methods that reduce the proportion of risk, especially if the decisions are fateful and the decision issues are huge and complex, noting that the decision-making process and the selection of the optimal alternative depends on the quality of the data that describes the issue that the decision is intended to be taken. Because the theory of administrative decision-making depends on this data and on the type of this data if it is confirmed data or unconfirmed data and not specified with sufficient accuracy, or random data that is repeated according to a certain probability distribution law, after which the decision maker uses the methods used to obtain on the optimal decision. In this research we will study the theory of administrative decisions in the case of uncertain data, which is the situation that the decision maker faces, and he does not know anything certain about the state that nature (market or management --) will take, nor even about the possibilities of any of them, then it is assumed that the cases the possible ones are equal and they enter the analysis at the same opportunity and make a trade-off between the alternatives available to him in all circumstances. In the classical logic, a set of rules was used to help the decision maker to make the ideal decision, and since the ideal decision depends on specific classical values ​​that do not take into account the changes that may occur in the work environment, which is represented by high prices or unavailability of materials or others, it was necessary to search for a better method that helps us to avoid dealing with specific values ​​and gives us a margin of freedom. Therefore, in this research, we will study the theory of decision-making in the case of uncertain data using the Neutrosophic Logic, the logic that helps us to face fluctuations and changes that we may encounter during work, through uncertainty that the Neutrosophical values ​​have, which we will take in the elements of the profit (or loss) matrix and rely on them in the decision-making process, as we will take these values ​​in the form of fields representing the minimum field of profit (or loss) that we can get in the worst cases of nature, and represents the upper limit of the field of profit (or loss) that we can get in the best cases of nature, and we will show the most important rules used in the case of uncertain data with an applied example of each rule.

The great development that science has witnessed in all fields has reduced the risks and losses resulting from undertaking any business or projects. Since the emergence of the science of operations research, many life issues have been addressed by relying on it, and by using its methods, we have been able to establish projects and businesses and use the available capabilities in an ideal manner. Which achieved great success in all areas and reduced the losses of all kinds, whether material or human, that we were exposed to because of carrying out these works or projects without prior study. We are now able to model, analyze and solve a wide range of problems that can be broken down into a set of partial problems using dynamic programming. Programming that is used to find the optimal solution in a multi-step situation that involves a set of related decisions. In this research, we study one of the operations research problems that are solved using dynamic programming. It is the problem of creating an expressway between two cities, using the neutrosophic logic. The logic that takes into account all the specific and non-specific data and takes into account all the circumstances that can face us during the implementation of the project. The goal  of studying this issue is to determine the optimal total cost, which is related to the partial costs presented by the study prepared for this project. In order to avoid losses we will take the partial costs neutrosophic values of the form  , where  represents the minimum partial cost in stage  and  represents the upper limit of the partial cost in stage  . Through the indeterminacy offered by neutrosophic logic, we are able to find the ideal solution that will bring us the lowest possible cost for constructing this expressway. It takes into account all the circumstances that may encounter us in our study, and we will present an applied example that illustrates the study.

For the first-time authors study the NeutroAlgebraic structures of the substructures of the semigroups, { , ×}, { , ×} and { , +} where  = {1, 2, …, ¥}. The three substructures of the semigroup studied in the context of NeutroAlgebra are subsemigroups, ideals and groups. The substructure group has meaning only if the semigroup under consideration is a Smarandache semigroup. Further in this paper, all semigroups are only commutative. It is proved the NeutroAlgebraic structure of ideals (and subsemigroups) of a semigroup can be AntiAlgebra or NeutroAlgebra in the case of infinite semigroups built on  or  =   È {0}. However, in the case of S = { , ×}; n a composite number, S is always a Smarandache semigroup. The substructures of them are completely analyzed. Further groups of Smarandache semigroups can only be a NeutroAlgebra and never an AntiAlgebra. Open problems are proposed in the final section for researchers interested in this field of study.

Data classification is the procedure of investigating structured or unstructured data and forming it into distinct classes depending upon file types, size, etc. It assist the organizations to derive important solutions based on the data and helps decision making process. The computational intelligence techniques such as neural computing, fuzzy logic, machine learning, etc. can be used to design effective data classification models. This study offers a Hybridization of Neutrosophic Logic with Quasi-Oppositional Chimp Optimization based Data Classification (HNLQOCO) model. The presented HNLQOCO algorithm aims to integrate the concepts of NL and QOCO algorithm for improved data classification outcomes. Besides, the QOCO algorithm is designed by incorporating the concepts of quasi oppositional based learning (QOBL) with traditional chimp optimization algorithm (COA). Here, the NL is applied to represent various kinds of knowledge and the QOCO algorithm is applied to tune the produced NS rules. The experimental result analysis of the HNLQOCO model is tested using three benchmark medical dataset. The obtained results reported the significant performance of the HNLQOCO model over the other methods.

The goal of this paper studying the influence of physical exercise (PE) on the human body. Physical exercise plays a vital role in the nervous system and respiratory due it has significant importance. The PE present a benefit in all functions in the body human. But if PE is not regular, it presents a high risk in humans, and humans are not safe when practices it. The impact of PE has many criteria and sub-criteria, which is complex and conflict criteria. So, the multi-criteria decision-making method is present for overcoming this problem. This problem contains incomplete and vague information. So, the neutrosophic sets are used for overcoming uncertainty. The Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is a powerful tool for the present the importance and influence criteria on others. So DEMATEL integrated with neutrosophic sets for analyzing and influence regular PE in body human-like nervous systems. An illustrative example was conducted to show the outcome of this method.   

In this paper, the concept of inverse domination in neutrosophic graph is established. The definition of inverse domination number, inverse dominating set, inverse split and non split dominating sets in neutrosophic graph are developed with suitable examples here. Also, the theorems in inverse domination in neutrosophic graph and the bound on inverse domination number in neutrosophic graph are derived.  

The goal of this study is to present a definition of a generalization of neutrosophic prime Γ-ideals in Γ-rings by introducing 2-absorbing neutrosophic weakly completely Γ-ideals of commutative Γ-rings and to propose their properties. Also, we give the notion of 2-absorbing K- Γ-neutrosophic ideals of Γ-rings. Moreover, we acquire a scheme that relationship between definition of 2-absorbing neutrosophic weakly completely Γ-ideals and 2-absorbing K- Γ-neutrosophic ideals of Γ-rings. Finally, we investigate neutrosophic quotient Γ-ring of  induced by the 2-absorbing neutrosophic weakly completely Γ-ideal is a 2-absorbing Γ− ring.

In this paper, the idea of neutrosophic detour boundary vertices and neutrosophic detour center vertices in neutrosophic graph is introduced.  Here the concept of neutrosophic detour eccentricity, neutrosophic detour radius, neutrosophic detour diameter, neutrosophic detour neighbourhood vertex are studied.  Several interesting properties related to of eccentric nodes, peripheral nodes, and central nodes in neutrosophic graphs are established.