International Journal of Neutrosophic Science

The objective of any decision-making method in a plithogenic environment is to make an optimal ranking of the alternatives subjected to core essential criteria. The preference for plithogenic decision-making methods is gaining momentum in recent times as plithogenic representations are more comprehensive and efficient in handling uncertain and imprecise decision-making data. In this paper, a plithogenic CRITIC-MAIRCA decision-making model is developed and applied to decision-making on livestock feeding stuff. A total of 20 alternatives under three major feed categories of green fodder, subsidiary fodder and concentrate feed are ranked using MAIRCA (The Multi Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis) method and the criterion weights are determined using the method of CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation). The final results of the plithogenic ranking are compared with fuzzy and crisp ranking methods and it is observed that the plithogenic CRITIC-MAIRCA method is highly efficient in making a feasible ranking.

In today's university management, it is necessary to promote synchronous leadership as a strategy in the current environment deteriorated by the crisis caused by Covid-19. Therefore, the need to diagnose the strategic management of a higher education institution in Quito, Ecuador, which applies synchronous leadership in university management as part of a course project for business engineering students, is exposed as a problem situation. Consequently, it is stated as a specific objective: to carry out the strategic analysis through the SWOT matrix, applying compensatory fuzzy logic in its neutrosophic version for its processing. The results indicate that the institution must draw up strategies to better face the threats of the environment and take advantage of the opportunities.

The extenuating circumstances are a vital element allowing the reduction of the penalty for the committed crime. However, despite being regulated, they present certain inconsistencies in their application since it directly impacts the demonstration or not of the legal materiality of the offense and the accused's responsibility. Today in Ecuador, a situation of inapplicability persists in different parts of the country for which it is decided to carry out the present investigation. The objective is to study the main causes of the tendency to non-application of extenuating circumstances. For this, the work authors rely on the Torgerson method and single-valued neutrosophic numbers due to the facilities they offer for this type of analysis.Finally, to finish the work, possible solutions to mitigate the phenomenon analyzed are enunciated.

Every court is responsible for applying the law under the principles of fairness, justice, ethical-legal, and human value because it cannot be forgotten that every criminal is a human being. The foregoing is why the application of extenuating circumstances acquires a certain complexity. Currently, in Ecuador,certain situations cause mismanagement of justice due to a lack of understanding and assimilation of extenuating circumstances. Therefore, this is adopted as a problem situation, establishing as the main objective, to analyze the limiting factors in apply in extenuating circumstances using the 2-Tuple model in its neutrosophic extension.

The application of the principle of innocence in Ecuador has irregularities since there has been an abuse of preventive detention, violating the constitutional and normative principle of the presumption of innocence. The justification for the preventive detention lies in the alleged need to ensure the accused's appearance. This turns this form of insurance into an early conviction because by proving his innocence at the hearing,the accused has already been unjustly deprived of his freedom, which leads him to suffer another series of damages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the subject to determine how to achieve its proper application. Thus, the main objective of this research is to analyze the legal panorama on the adequate application of the principle of innocence. For this, the neutrosophic Iadov method was applied to measure satisfaction with the regulatory legislation to determine an action plan for its correct application with the use of neutrosophic cognitive maps.

Multicriteria decision problems are present in all branches of life and present a high degree of complexity in determining a feasible solution. In the public health sector, decisions are even more delicate because they work not only with the direct influence of human needs but also with limited financial resources. Saturation in hospital emergency services occurs when the need identified exceeds the resources available for patient care in the emergency unit. One of the elements of primary regulatory effect on saturation levels in emergency services is undoubtedly an adequate triage system. The present study presents the application of multicriteria evaluation techniques as a method for the best selection of different types of triage according to certain pre-established parameters of interest. For them, we rely on a method that combines the TODIM and PROMETHEE methods to obtain the results. In addition, the neutrosophic single value sets based on the neutrosophic logic are used so that the indeterminate and inconsistent information typical of the real world can be adequately handled. The application of the method used demonstrates the efficiency of this kind of method in solving complex problems in real life and in different fields of society, particularly 

Among the main techniques described in the literature for treating gingival melanosis are the use of chemical agents, free gingival grafts, abrasion with rotary or manual instruments (scalpel), cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen, gingivectomy and gingivoplasty, and the use of lasers. The present study implements a selective evaluation of therapeutic alternatives for gingival hyperpigmentation through the use of neutrosophic correlation coefficients. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out on the specialized documentary base to determine the main treatments in the matter of the object of study and the logic of neutrosophic sets, and the evaluation of experts. Using correlation coefficients between two single-valued neutrosophic numbers allowed the selection of a therapeutic alternative according to the experts' evaluations. This work allowed to verify the usefulness of neutrosophy as a means for solving complex real-life problems through the incorporation of uncertainties.

Accidents in the child population are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, becoming a global public health problem today. The most affected population are children in the preschool stage, due to the vulnerability and dependency of the caregiver. The high demand for health services due to domestic accidents draws attention and the need arises to carry out actions that instruct mothers and relatives on their prevention. In the present investigation, a documentary review was conducted to know the main causes of domestic accidents. In addition, a survey was applied to a sample made up of mothers of children under five years of age, to evaluate their knowledge about domestic accidents and ways to prevent them, and risk perception. After analyzing the results obtained in the first part of the study, an expert consultation was carried out. The results were processed through multicriteria decision methods. This consultation made it possible to find feasible solutions for the proposed topic, achieving a proposal for an integral educational strategy.

Teenage pregnancy in Ecuador is a problem that continues to increase year after year. This, in addition to violating the rights of all girls and adolescents, perpetuates violence and inequality. Knowing the causes and consequences of teenage pregnancy allows planning action plans to combat them. The analysis of preliminary studies and surveys confirms levels of indeterminacy in the responses obtained for the study. This integration between neutrosophic sets makes it possible to reflect, through the representation of neutrosophic statistics, the level of deterioration of the factors that intervene in the full development from adolescence to adulthood. Consequently, the existing indeterminacy makes it necessary to model each element of the group studied to analyze the levels of deterioration associated with preventing teenage pregnancy in Ecuador.

Decision-makers are often faced with complicated decision problems with intangible and conflicting criteria. Many methods are proposed to handle the inclusion of many and varied criteria that allow choosing the best alternative for a decision. The public health sector daily faces numerous complex situations that require the facilities provided by multicriteria methods. This research proposes a comparative analysis of multicriteria methods for the selection of health technologies. With this, it is proposed to check to what extent the selected MCDAs are capable of offering consistent results among themselves. Comparisons are made using the TOPSIS method and a modification of the PROMETHEE method, both in their neutrosophic versions, by using single-valued neutrosophic numbers. The results showed that both methods coincided in the order of preference given to each treatment. However, it is observed that the method based on PROMETHEE yields more detailed information on the elections' interiorities. The effectiveness of the methods used can be verified and their practical and feasible application in complex medical problems.

The right to food is closely related to the parent-child relationship and constitutes a right of the children and an obligation of the parents. Ecuadorian regulations seek to guarantee studies even when the children become adults and need to continue their academic training. University students are often forced to abandon their studies due to a lack of financial incentives. The objective of this study is to determine the factors that affect students' right to education when they reach the age of majority and the negative effects caused by the suspension of alimony. As a result, it is obtained through the use of the neutrosophic TOPSIS method to propose implementing legal reforms to extend alimony up to 24 years of age.

The notions of semi-connectedness and semi-compactness in linguistic neutrosophic topological space are presented and some of their properties are discussed in this study. Further, the idea of linguistic neutrosophic semi-compact space is instigated and investigated.

Neutrosophic set plays a vital role in dealing with indeterminacy in real-world problems. Differential equations represent the relation between a function and its derivatives and its applications have importance in both pedagogical and real life. In this paper, neutrosophic differential equation is proposed and solved using bipolar trapezoidal neutrosophic number and applied the concept in predicting bacterial reproduction over separate bodies with graphical representation using MATLAB. Also, comparative analysis is done with the existing method to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This work is dedicated to classifying the general n-refined neutrosophic ring by building a ring isomorphism and the direct product of the corresponding classical rings with itself. On the other hand, we use the classification property to solve the problem of n-refined neutrosophic computing of Eigen values and Eigen vectors of an n-refined neutrosophic matrix. Also, it will be applied to solve n-refined linear systems and models.